Mountainous environments are interrelated with transforming rapidly as the global temperatures climb higher. Around the globe, mountain glaciers are retreating [1, 2] and impacting the concern in water supply (for up to 1.9 billion people) [3]. These dramatic environmental changes are predicted and expected to affect the mountain hazards, such as the flooding (frequency and magnitude) and landslide events [4]. The local ensured impacts well and highly uncertain scenario, because of the complex and critical interactions between the local weather, mountain cryosphere and topography [4].The world’s glaciers are well shrinking, with knock-on good impacts for local communities. Therefore, we need a good grasp of the hazards on which they leave behind.
High mountain hosts and their largest glacier concentration were present outside the polar locations/regions in Asia. These glaciers are vital contributors to streamflow process in one of the most populated areas of the world. The previous and past research studies have utilized these methods, which can give only regionally notified and averaged glacier mass balances to estimate the glacier and their related contribution in sea and rivers level rise. They have also provide various resolvable details for the determination of the models utilized for projecting the glacier and climate change, as these specific models do not capture the pattern, magnitude and intra-regional variability of glacier changes at present.
An Asian Himalayan Glaciers
Nearly around 800 million
strength of people are lived on the particular catchment areas of Ganges, Indus,
Brahmaputra rivers. During the changes at the time of dry seasons and also due
to mountain valleys, the water flows specifically (released) from the glaciers.
This scenario has reflects the high extensive glacier response which covers
outside the Arctic and Alaska. A previous collections and predications of
glacier and their coverage for the historic data of Himalaya and Karakoram
(H-K) were recorded.
Tobias Bolch et al., have showed the good estimate for H-K, as defined, mainly based on mapping using recent satellite images of ~40,800 km2. The concern volume of glacier cannot be measured directly over regional scales, however to be modeled. Empirical estimates are highly uncertain and the range was about 2300 km3, taking the slope-dependent ice thickness into account, to ~3600 to ~6500 km3 based on volume-area scaling. The natural disputes of glacier are buffers to related hydrological season, a response of meltwater release during time of summer and also in early autumn [5].
For our global conditions, the identification of new issues, that relates to the following the terms of local water resource (mountains), riverfed aquifers, global sea-level, and climate changes. The new social and economic problems are varied with glacier meltwater changes over the H-K. They have highlighted the majority of stream flow (as source) in their section of H-K, which tells about summer precipitation, monsoon dominated regions with impacted summer precipitation. As per environmental changes, they have specifically insisted with spatial variability with water flow counting, hydropower generation, ecosystems, and agriculture. Glacier change will also modifies present risks due to nature of glacial hazards, which is not least one obtained from glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs).
Glacial lake outburst floods are one such hazard, which occur when water breaches a moraine or glacier dam. They can be triggered by the simple build-up of water pressure, or by more abrupt events, such as an avalanche. Outburst floods can release vast quantities of water, often resulting in catastrophic consequences downstream [4].
A detail study in the Nature Geoscience, shows that the global issue (greenhouse gas emissions) from human being activities are certainly responsible. Impacting an individual hazard (physical, biological, chemical concept) to human being insisted emissions are very difficult task (natural) variability in local conditions.
In a previous study of flood risk factor from Lake Palcacocha, Stuart-Smith et al. explains the three various step process as per following hints are (i) they calculate the influence of global warming (greenhouse gas emissions), (ii) they establish the impact of this global warming on the glacier into new form (drains into the form of lake), and finally (iii) they quantify the reporting role of impact on local risk (flood and their related flows).
Quantification of how concern hazards are impacted by environmental conditions has been hindered by the issue of local observations in specific high-altitude mountains. The use of the increasing effect abundance of predicted data from Earth observation via satellites and impressing local knowledge/studies could support to plug these gaps.
Identification of Asia glacier act (2000-2016)
Fanny Brun
et al., have calculated the glacier mass
balance (about 92%) in the
selective Asia region of Himalaya. They have enriched the knowledge of glacier
response, using digital elevation models from satellite photo (stereo-imagery).
Specifically the region of glacier mass effects were varied in Nyainqentanglha (Nyenchen Tanglha Mountains), and in Kunlun [6].
Specifically, Fanny Brunet al, reports the shed light on the preceded area and their glacier mass effect changes, for which they have impacted contradictory calculations that exists in the previous literatures. Further, they give crucial details for the estimation of the best models that are utilized for projecting glacier mass response to global climatic change. In addition, at present these models are not supportable to capture the magnitude, pattern, and intra-regional impact in variability of glacier mass changes [7].
A
Case study of Uttarakhand Region
A placement of Uttarakhand region between three countries India, Tibet, and Nepal borders. The intensive global issues were raised with abnormal theme in the following scenarios
Ø Rainfall level, Ø Glacier lake, Ø Flood risks, Ø Climate change
The
extreme casualties in the Uttarakhand region by accident floods are happened in
June 2013 and February 2021. Such an incidents should take prior actions in
government policy-making and respective implementation for managing human
activities.
Our SNB team have emphasize this research article to enrich our viewer’s knowledge about the present issue in Indo-Tibetan border and their analysis of the glacier mass balance and corresponding data's of climate changes. These details are very important for informing great mitigation and their adaptation plans to ensure a proper sustainable future for the global’s mountain communities. The present writeup attempts were helpful to announce an alert and awareness in Himalayan area of India. As per the advice of India Meteorological Department, the concern people must to alert during the climate changes and respective data observations from 44 stations. Furthermore, the local-scale and analyses were need to determined otherwise, the hazards will occur in the future, crucially where they may be some impact on local communities and livelihoods. Hence, to ensure a sustainable future for the world’s mountain communities, this information is very essential for informing a successful mitigation and adaptation strategies.
References
1 (a) Dussaillant, I. et al. Nat. Geosci. 12, 802–808 (2019), (b) Nature Geoscience, DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-021-00694-4.
2. Brun, F., Berthier, E., Wagnon, P., Kääb, A. &Treichler, D. Nat. Geosci. 10, 668–67 (2017).
3. Immerzeel, W. W. et al. Nature 577, 364–369 (2020).
4. IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate (ed Pörtner, H.-O.et al.) Ch. 2 (2019).
5. Bolch, T. et al., Science 336, 6079, 310–314, (2012).
6. Fanny Brun et al., Nature Geoscience 10, 668–673(2017).
7. Jacob, T., Wahr, J., Pfeffer, W. T. & Swenson, S. Nature 482, 514–518 (2012).
Dr. K. Rajkumar
Comments
Post a Comment