Biofuels are economically feasible with a promising one and a renewable option to the petroleum fuels probably to reduce net greenhouse gas emissions. A novel handful of drop-in the replacement of biofuels for the conventional transportation fuels have been down recently from a selected list of over 10,000 potential candidates as part from the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Co-Optimization of Fuels and Engines (Co-Optima) initiative. Figure 1. Counter think: Fuel vs food. (Image Credit: to SNB team). Yahya et al ., and Majumdar et al ., have investigated on “biofuels produced from processed waste and non-food feedstocks which may be implemented either neat or blended components into existing fuels to reduce reliance on liquid fossils with little change to the existing infrastructure” in their research papers published in Nature (2012) [ 1,2 ]. The biofuels choice were mainly depends upon their composition, other physical and chemical properties, which can exhibit similar properties...

Increasing human consumption of fossil fuels continues to contribute to adversely high levels of atmospheric CO2 and a changing climate on the planet. Photosynthesis offers a blueprint to mitigating this global problem by converting intermittent light energy into electrical current for converting CO2 and H2O into sugars for sustainable energy storage. Artificial photosynthesis (AP), which aims to mimic natural photosynthesis (NP) that utilizes sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to produce storable/transportable fuels or desired chemicals, has been the ultimate goal of scientists for many years, due to its great potential to solve both global energy and environmental crises simultaneously [1] . Both NP and AP follow the same physical chemistry steps including 1) light absorption, 2) charge separation, 3) water splitting, and 4) chemical synthesis, although electron accepters and charge transfer processes are different in details [2] . More than 5,000 publications related to artif...