Plasmonic nanomaterials have attracted significant interest because of its wide variety of applications such as sensing, energy conversion, photothermal therapy etc. Among the various plasmonic inorganic metals (Ag, Cu, Al, and Au) Au shows the excellent biocompatibility, chemical stability, and rich surface functionality. It can be seen that some new approaches have include the construction of metal shells on dielectric nanoparticles, and the control of island growth on nanoparticles and nanorods over the design of narrow gaps via nanoplates or nanoshells. Also, the conventional modulation of plasmonics via the control of shape, size and the aspect ratio of nanomaterials. The structural control have also arises from the active surface growth. As a result, the dynamic competition between ligand absorption and metal deposition occurs [ 1 ].   The properties of plasmonic nanostructures are highly dependent on its surface morphology, however, there are a very few methods for appending

Mountainous environments are interrelated with transforming rapidly as the global temperatures climb higher. Around the globe, mountain glaciers are retreating  [1, 2] and impacting the concern in water supply (for up to 1.9 billion people) [3] . These dramatic environmental changes are predicted and expected to ­­affect the mountain hazards, such as the flooding (frequency and magnitude) and landslide events [4] . The local ensured impacts well and highly uncertain scenario, because of the complex and critical interactions between the local weather, mountain cryosphere and topography [4] . The world’s glaciers are well shrinking, with knock-on good impacts for local communities. Therefore, we need a good grasp of the hazards on which they leave behind. High mountain hosts and their largest glacier concentration were present outside the polar locations/regions in Asia. These glaciers are vital contributors to streamflow process in one of the most populated areas of the world. The pre

Over the recent decades, the bright colors seen on the wings of butterflies are widely evaluated frequently due to the cause of nano-structures and are not supported by preferable pigments or any other dyes. This nature of bright and shiny appearance of various butterflies are caused by so-called ‘structural features of various response of colours’ which are originating from the smart combination of nano- and microstructures. For the discovery of the physical origin of these structural colors, the color-causing nano-structures are integrated into a complex structure of scales, which have densely covers the wings of butterflies. A research team has recently discussed about the structural analysis of the ridges of the cover scales in the species of butterflies and its height and distance from different families and its subsequent analysis reveals a linear scaling law [ 1 ]. Peter Kӧchling et al., have further reported that the color of the butterfly wings serves for several purposes with